In the United States, obesity affects at least one-third of adults and 17% of young people, and increases the risk of related comorbidities (such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes). After years of failure in medical treatment of obesity, many successful surgical treatments have emerged. Bariatric surgery has been proven to be an effective method for the treatment of obesity and its secondary complications. The event detailed the types, indications, contraindications and complications of bariatric surgery, and emphasized the role of professional teams in the management of these patients before and after the surgery.
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Objectives:
Summarize the indications of bariatric surgery.
Outline the contraindications of bariatric surgery.
Review the complications of bariatric surgery.
Describe the importance of collaboration and coordination among inter-professional teams to promote safe bariatric surgery to minimize complications and improve patient outcomes.
Indications
The indications for bariatric surgery are based on body mass index (BMI) and the presence of comorbidities. Patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher without medical problems, and bariatric surgery will not bring too much risk, should choose one of the above procedures.
Patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2 and one or more obesity-related severe comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease (NAFLD), GERD, asthma, venous stasis disease, severe urinary incontinence, debilitating arthritis or a significant decline in quality of life, are also eligible as surgical candidates. Patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 kg/m2 can also undergo bariatric surgery, although there is insufficient data to prove the long-term benefits of these patients.
Clinical significance
Obesity is now considered a comprehensive disease, has reached epidemic proportions, and seems to be increasing. The development and innovation of bariatric surgery. Technological innovations in this field provide potential treatments for these patients. Both LSG and LRYGB are options that have been proven to provide consistent results for suitable patients. Not every obese patient is suitable for these surgeries. Before choosing bariatric surgery, the above-mentioned factors should be considered. Although there is a real risk of complications, the vast majority of these patients perform well and often defeat the disease and its associated comorbidities. Patients on this subject should be educated about this operation, and their physicians should be made aware of this option. Overall, the progress made in the field of surgery in the past few decades is encouraging.
Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes
In order to achieve good results and avoid complications, bariatric surgery requires an inter-professional team approach, which includes surgeons, weight-loss nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, nutritionists, social workers, and gastroenterologists. After surgery, these patients need DVT prevention and movement. At the same time, the nurse should monitor the patient for wound infection, breathing difficulties and intestinal obstruction. Diet counseling is needed to ensure that they eat the right foods to prevent mineral and vitamin deficiencies. All patients should be educated about the importance of lifestyle changes and participate in a regular exercise program. Pharmacists can consult surgeons and nurses about postoperative infection and pain control. During the follow-up period, the patient needs to be evaluated for sagging skin, sagging breasts, or protruding abdominal skin. These characteristics may have a negative impact on beauty, so referral should be made to a plastic surgeon.
Reference: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
